This course will review theoretical positions and debates in medical and psychiatric anthropology, with special attention to cultural studies of the biosciences and biomedicine and to recent critical and phenomenological accounts of the body. The course will provide a historical review of theoretical traditions in medical anthropology, focusing in particular on the interpretive tradition in medical anthropology and the cultural studies tradition in science studies, and will examine recent writing in the field at the interface of the two.

The format of the course will include discussion, commentaries, and occasional lectures. During the first hour, two students will lead a critical discussion of the required readings for that day. Course instructors will provide formal commentaries for the final 30 minutes of each class.

The course has three requirements. First, each student will be expected to participate in leading the discussion of required (and suggested) readings during one class period. Second, each student will be expected to write a brief precis -- a summary of critical thoughts that arise during your reading -- about several or all of the required readings for six classes. These should be left in my mail box (3rd floor, William James Hall) in quadruplicate at 5:00 each Monday afternoon, and will be used by instructors and discussion leaders to organize discussion for the day. Third, each student will be expected to write a final research paper (ca. 15-25 pages), reviewing theoretical issues related to some substantive matter of interest to the student or directly addressing a theoretical issue of relevance to medical anthropology. This paper will be due the last day of reading period. Students may wish to combine these three exercises, focusing their final paper on issues raised in their precis's and the readings of the week for which they are discussion leaders. Class participation and the precis's will contribute 40% and the research paper 60% to the final course grade.

Books ordered at the COOP include Byron Good, Medicine, Rationality and Experience; Gary Lee Downey and Joseph Dumit, Cyborgs & Citadels; Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good, American Medicine: The Quest for Competence; Thomas Csordas, The Sacred Self: A Cultural Phenomenology of Charismatic Healing; J. Crary and S. Kwinter, eds., Incorporations; Cheryl Mattingly, Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience; Sarah Franklin, Embodied Progress; Richard Lewontin, Biology as Ideology; Lawrence Cohen, No Aging in India; Sandra Harding, The "Racial" Economy of Science.

FEBRUARY 4: Introduction to the Course

1. Provide a historical overview of theoretical approaches to the study of culture and illness, systems of healing, and comparative studies of medical knowledge. Discuss recent developments in cultural studies of science, particularly of the biosciences, biotechnology and biomedicine. Discuss new directions for medical anthropology that emerge from the joining of interpretive approaches, critical theory, and cultural studies of science.
2. Discuss format and requirements of the class.

FEBRUARY 11: From Cyborgs & Citadels: Contemporary Writing at the Interface of Medical Anthropology and Cultural Studies of Science

Read and discuss recent articles that cross the boundaries between science studies and medical anthropology, including articles from Downey and Dumit, Cyborgs & Citadels: Anthropological Interventions in Emerging Sciences, Technologies and Medicines. Raise questions about theoretical sources of these essays and implications of the theoretical positions taken.

Readings:
• From Cyborgs & Citadels:
• Gary Downey & Joseph Dumit. "Introduction: Locating and Intervening"
• Rayna Rapp, "Real Time Fetus: The Role of the Sonogram in the Age of Monitored Reproduction"
• Emily Martin, Laury Oaks, Karen-Sue Taussig, Ariane van der Straten, "AIDS, Knowledge and Discrimination in the Inner City: An Anthropological Analysis of the Experiences of Injection Drug Users"
• Deborah Heath, "Bodies, Antibodies and Modest Interventions"
• Joseph Dumit, "A Digital Image of the Category of the Person: PET Scanning and Objective Self-Fashioning"
• Donna J. Haraway, "Mice into Wormholes: A Comment on the Nature of No Nature"
• Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good. 1995. "Cultural Studies of Biomedicine: An Agenda for Research." Social Science & Medicine 41:461-473.
• Sarah Franklin. 1995. "Science as culture, cultures of science." Annual Review of Anthropology 24:163-184.

FEBRUARY 18: Competing Epistemologies, Competing Rationalities: Rationality, Relativism and Beyond

1. Discuss why issues of epistemology are crucial for medical anthropology, with special reference to Medicine, Rationality and Experience.
2. Review classic debates about the social construction of scientific knowledge in the sociology of science.
3. Review recent critiques of these debates and suggestions for new directions for cultural studies of science. What questions do these raise for comparative studies of medical knowledge and practices?

Readings:
• Good, Byron. 1994. Medicine, Rationality and Experience. Chs. 1-4,7.
• Hess, David J. "If You're Thinking of Living in STS... A Guide for the Perplexed." Ch. 8, Cyborgs and Citadels.
• Woolgar, Steve. 1983. Irony in the Social Study of Science. In Karin Knorr-Cetina and Michael Mulkay, Science Observed, pp. 239-266.
• Latour, Bruno. 1987. Science in Action. How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society. Harvard University Press. Read Introduction: "Opening Pandora's Black Box" (pp. 1-17), and Ch. 5, "Tribunals of Reason" (pp. 179-213).
• Rouse, Joseph. 1992. What Are Cultural Studies of Scientific Knowledge? Configurations 1:1-22.
• Fischer, Michael M.J. 1991. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: Insert for the 1990s. Cultural Studies of Science, Visual-Virtual Realities, and Post-Trauma Polities. Cultural Anthropology 6:525-537.
• Traweek, Sharon. 1993. "An Introduction to Cultural and Social Studies of Sciences and Technologies." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 17:3-25.
• Rabinow, Paul. 1994 [1986]. Representations are Social Facts. Modernity and Post-Modernity in Anthropology. In Rabinow, Essay on the Anthropology of Reason (originally in Clifford and Marcus, Writing Culture).
• Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. 1987. A Thousand Plateaus. Capitalism & Schizophrenia. Translator's Foreword: Pleasures of Philosophy, by Brian Massumi (pp. ix-xv).
• Sargent, Carolyn, and Grace Bascope. 1996. Ways of Knowing about Birth in Three Cultures. MAQ 10:13-236.

  Suggested:

• Mulkay, Michael and G. Nigel Gilbert. 1982. Joking Apart: Some Recommendations Concerning the Analysis of Scientific Culture. Social Studies of Science 12:585-613.
• Sperber, Dan. 1977. On Anthropological Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge Un. Press. Ch.3: The problem of irrational beliefs.
• Gilbert, G. Nigel, and Michael Mulkay. 1984. Opening Pandora's Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists' Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge Un. Pr.
• Rouse, Joseph. 1987. Knowledge and Power: Toward a Political Philosophy of Science. Ithaca: Cornell UP.
• Robert D'Amico. 1989. Historicism and Knowledge. NY: Routledge.
• Putnam, Hilary. 1978. The Many Faces of Realism. LaSalle, Ill.: Open Court.
• Pickering, Andrew. 1995. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Harding, Sandra. 1998. Is Science Multi-Cultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies. Indiana University Press.
• Davis-Floyd, Robbie, and Carolyn Sargent, eds. 1996. The Social Production of Authoritative Knowledge in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Special Issue of MAQ Vol. 10 (2).

FEBRUARY 25: Foundations for Interpretive Theories of Culture and Knowledge

• Review the theoretical foundations for a theory of the symbolic ordering of reality and experience, including the NeoKantian (historicist) tradition and early American anthropology, and criticism of this tradition. Discuss problems in medical anthropology that follow from such a perspective.

  Readings:

• Stocking, George. 1968. Franz Boas and the Culture Concept in Historical Perspective. In G Stocking, Race, Culture and Evolution. NY:Free Press. Pp. 195233.
• Whorf, Benjamin Lee. 1956. Science and Linguistics. In B Whorf, Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 207219. (Originally pub in Technol. Rev. 1940.)
• Hallowell, A. Irving. 1955. The Self and Its Behavioral Environment, and The Ojibwa Self and Its Behavioral Environment. In Hallowell, Culture and Experience. NY: Schocken Books. Pp. 75110, 172182.
• Cassirer, Ernst. 1955. The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. Volume 1: Language. New Haven: Yale Un. Pr. (See "Introduction and Presentation of the Problem", pp. 73114; see especially section 2, "Universal Function of the Sign. The Problem of Meaning," and section 3, "The Problem of 'Representation' and the Structure of Consciousness.")
• Taylor, Charles. 1985. Human Agency and Language. Philosophical Papers Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Ch. 10. Theories of Meaning, pp. 248-292.
• Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Blurred Genres: The Refiguration of Social Thought. In Geertz, Local Knowledge: further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. Basic Books, 19-35.
• Handler, Richard. 1998. Raymond Williams, George Stocking, and Fin-de-Siecle U.S. Anthropology. Cultural Anthropology 13(4):447-463. Ortner, Sherry. 1984. Theory in Anthropology Since the Sixties. Comparative Studies in Society and History 26(1):126-166.

  Suggested: Commentaries on Ortner, "Theory in Anthropology Since the Sixties":

• Stephens, S. 1989. Anthropology Since the 60s, Theory for the 90s? Working Papers, Program in the Comparative Study of Social Transformations. University of Michigan: 61-83.
• Appadurai, A. 1986. Theory in Anthropology: Center and Periphery. Comparative Studies in Society and History 28:356-361.
• Hannerz, U. 1986. Theory in Anthropology: Small is Beautiful? The Problem of Complex Cultures. Comparative Studies in Society and History 28:362-367.
• Yengoyan, A. 1986. Theory in Anthropology: On the Demise of the Concept of Culture. Comparative Studies in Society and History 28:368-374.

MARCH 4: Cultural Phenomenology, Critical Phenomenology

1. Discuss phenomenology as a method for investigating experience, critiques of phenomenology, and the potential for a 'critical phenomenology'.
2. Examine Csordas's understanding of the body as creative source of experience and the locus of healing.
3. Examine phenomenology as a means for exploring experiences of human suffering and illness.

Readings:
• Csordas, Thomas J. 1994. The Sacred Self: A Cultural Phenomenology of Charismatic Healing. (Berkeley: Un. of Calif. Press) Read Chs. 3-6 (chs. 7-8 suggested).
• Merleau-Ponty, M. 1962. Phenomenology of Perception. (See pp. 136-147.) London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Schutz, Alfred. 1971. On Multiple Realities. In A Schutz, Collected Papers: Vol I, The Problem of Social Reality. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Pp. 207259.
• Good, Byron. Medicine, Rationality and Experience, ch. 5.
• Pandolfi, Mariella. 1990 Boundaries Inside the Body: Women's Sufferings in Southern Peasant Italy. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 14:255-273. Corin, Ellen. 1990. Facts and Meaning in Psychiatry. An Anthropological Approach to the Lifeworld of Schizophrenics. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 14:153-188.
• Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. Ch. 4. Belief and the Body. In The Logic of Practice. Stanford UP.
• Bernstein, Richard J. 1976. Phenomenological Foundations of the Social Sciences: Alfred Schutz. In Bernstein, The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory. U Penn Pr.

  Suggested readings on phenomenology, illness and healing:

• Merleau-Ponty, M. 1968. The Intertwining--the Chiasm. In The Visible and the Invisible. Northwestern Un Pr. Ch. 4, pp. 130-155.
• Benner, Patricia, ed. 1994. Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring, and Ethics in Health and Illness. Sage.
• Csordas, Thomas J. 1990. Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology. Ethos 18:5-47.
• Csordas, Thomas J., ed. 1994. Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self. Cambridge Un. Press.
• Frank, Gelya. 1986. On Embodiment: A Case Study of Congenital Limb Deficiency in American Culture. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry 10:189-220.
• Good, Byron, and MaryJo DelVecchio Good. 1981. The Semantics of Medical Discourse. In E Mendelsohn and Y Elkana, eds. Sciences and Cultures. Sociology of the Sciences, Vol. V, Dordrecht: Reidel. Pp. 177212.
• Hallowell, A. Irving. 1976. Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View (1960). In R Fogelson et al, eds., Contributions to Anthropology; Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Chicago: Un of Chicago Pr. Pp. 357390. (book on reserve)
• Kaufman, Sharon R. 1988. Toward a Phenomenology of Boundaries in Medicine: Chronic Illness Experience in the Case of Stroke. MAQ 4:338-354.
• Green, Linda, ed. 1998. The Embodiment of Violence. Special Issue of MAQ 12(1).

MARCH 11: Ethnographic Writing On the Margins of Interpretive Theory (1)

• Review ethnographic writing, relevant to medical anthropology, that expands the bases of interpretive theory or challenges such theory from the perspective of post-structuralism or critical theory.

  Readings:

• Cohen, Lawrence. 1998. No Aging in India. Alzheimer's, the Bad Family, and Other Modern Things. Berkeley: Un of Calif Press. Read Introduction, Chs. 1-3, 5.
• Khare, R.S. 1995. The Body, Sensoria, and Self of the Powerless: Remembering/"Re-Membering" Indian Untouchable Women. New Literary History 26:147-168.
• Laughlin, Kim. 1995. Rehabilitating Science, Imagining Bhopal. In Late Editions 2, Technoscientific Imaginaries. George Marcus, ed. Un. of Chicago Pr.

MARCH 18: Ethnographic Writing On the Margins of Interpretive Theory (2): On the Position of Ethnographic Subject

• Review ethnographic writing, relevant to medical anthropology, that expands the bases of interpretive theory or challenges such theory from the perspective of post-structuralism or critical theory. Special focus on the position of the medical anthropologist in the research and in the text.

  Readings:

• Desjarlais, Robert. 1995. Struggling Along: The Possibilities for Experience among the Homeless Mentally Ill. American Anthropologist 96:886-901.
• Kleinman, Arthur, and Joan Kleinman. 1991. Suffering and Its Professional Transformation: Toward an Ethnography of Interpersonal Experience. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 15:275-301.
• FavretSaada, Jeanne. 1980. Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ch 1-3, 5, Appendix 5.
• Taussig, Michael. 1987. Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Ch 7-9.
• Stewart, Kathleen. 1991. On the politics of cultural theory: a case for "contaminated" cultural critique. (Culture and Politics). Social Research Summer 58:395.
• Fortun, Kim. (Forthcoming) Advocating Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders. Book ms., forthcoming from the U. of Chicago Press. Pp. 224-228, 450-465, 541-544.

  Suggested:

• Desjarlais, Robert. 1997. Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless. Un. of Penn. Press.

MARCH 25: On Signs: Semiotics to Poststructuralism

1. Review historical and theoretical foundations for post-structuralist theories of the subject and the cultural studies tradition.
2. Discuss the different relations posited between subjects and semiotic systems (e.g. subject in language, subject as effect of language, genetic subject, split subject).
3. Discuss some feminist inflections of gendered and otherwise politicized subjects.

Readings:
• Saussure, Ferdinand de, Charles ed Bally, Albert ed Sechehaye, and Albert Riedlinger. 1974. Course in general linguistics. London: Fontana. Intro Ch. 2,3,5. Pt I: Ch. 1,2.
• Jakobson, Roman. 1985. Dear Claude, Cher Maitre. In Blonsky M (ed.) On Signs. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell.
• Jakobson, Roman, and Morris Halle. 1975. Fundamentals of language. The Hague: Mouton. (selection).
• Lacan, Jacques. 1977. The Mirror Stage. In Ecrits. A Selection. London. Tavistock.
• Grosz, Elizabeth A. 1990. Ch. 2: The Ego and the Imaginary. In Jacques Lacan: A feminist Introduction. New York: Routledge.
• Derrida, Jacques. Structure Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences (with discussion). In Macksey R & Donato E (eds.) The Structuralist Controversy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Plus preface to book.
• Barthes, Roland. 1972. World of Wrestling. and Myth Today. In Mythologies. New York: Noonday Press.
• de Lauretis, Teresa. 1984. Ch 6: Semiotics and Experience. In Alice Doesn't: Feminism, Semiotics, Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• Donna Haraway. 1992. When Man(tm) is On the Menu. In Incorporations, pp. 3642.
• Sedgewick, Eve Kosofsky. 1992. Epidemics of the Will. In Incorporations. New York: Zone, pp. 582595.

  Recommended:

• Greimas, A.J. 1983 (1966). Structural Semantics: An Attempt at a Method. Lincoln: U Nebraska Press.
• Jameson, Frederic. 1987. Forward. In A.J. Greimas, On Meaning: Selected Writings in Semiotic Theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Grosz, Elizabeth A. 1989. Sexual Subversions: Three French Feminists. Winchester, Mass.: Unwin Hyman.
• Hawkes, Terrance. Structuralism and Semiotics.
• Virilio, Paul. 1992. Aliens. In Incorporations, pp. 446449.
• Eco, Umberto. 1979. A theory of semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1963. Structural anthropology. New York: Basic Books.

APRIL 1: SPRING BREAK

APRIL 8: Cultural Studies of the Body, Ideology and Identity

1. Review current theorizing of the body in medical anthropology.
2. Review competing theories of ideology and subjectivity in relation to cultural studies and mass media.
3. Examine contemporary attempts to account for the "ideology" of science and discuss on their value for medical anthropology.

Reading:
• Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Margaret Lock. 1987. The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1(1):6-41.
• Lock, Margaret. 1993. Cultivating the Body: Anthropology and Epistemologies of Bodily Practice and Knowledge. Annual Review of Anthropology 22:133-155.
• Mauss, M. Techniques of the Body. In Incorporations.
• Canguilhem, G. Machine and Organism. In Incorporations.
• Rabinbach, A. Neurasthenia and Modernity. In Incorporations.
• Martin, Emily. 1990. Toward an Anthropology of Immunology: The Body as Nation State. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 4(4): 410-426.
• Martin, Emily. 1992. The End of the Body? American Ethnologist 19(1): 121-140.
• Haraway, Donna. 1991. A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century. In Simians, Cyborgs and Women, D. Haraway, ed. New York: Routledge.
• Foucault, Michel. 1980. The Confession of the Flesh. In Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. NY: Pantheon.
• Hall, Stuart. 1996. On Postmodernism and Articulation: An Interview with Stuart Hall, edited by Lawrence Grossberg. In D Morley & KH Chen (eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies. Routledge.
• Hall, Stuart. 1996. Cultural Studies and the Politics of Internationalization: An interview with Stuart Hall, by KuanHsing Chen. In D Morley & KH Chen (eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Culural Studies. Routledge.
• Treichler, Paul A. 1991. How to Have Theory in an Epidemic: The Evolution of AIDS Treatment Activism. In C Penley & A Ross (ed.): Technoculture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 57106.

  Recommended:

• Slavoj Zizek. 1994. The Spectre of Ideology. In S Zizek (ed.): Mapping Ideology. London: Verso.
• Michel Foucault. 1980. Power/Knowledge. ch 3: Body/Power; ch 6: Truth and Power.
• Hubert L. Dreyfus & Paul Rabinow. 1982. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago: Un of Chicago Press. Esp. ch. 8 The Geneology of the Modern Individual as Subject.
• Althusser. Ideological State Apparatuses. In S Zizek (ed.): Mapping Ideology. London: Verso.
• Jean Francois Lyotard (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Baudrillard, Jean, and Charles Levin. 1981. For a critique of the political economy of the sign. St. Louis, Mo.: Telos Press.
• Gilroy, Paul. 1987. "There ain't no black in the Union Jack": the cultural politics of race and nation. London: Hutchinson.
• Nancy Krieger, and Mary Bassett. 1994. The Health of Black Folk: Disease, Class and Ideology in Science. In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 161169.
• Robert Proctor. 1994. Nazi Medicine and the Politics of Knowledge. In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 344358.
• Nancy Leys Stepan and Sander L. Gilman. 1994. Appropriating the Idioms of Science: The Rejection of Scientific Racism. In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 170200.
• Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio, T. Munakata, Y. Kobayashi, C. Mattingly, B. J. Good. 1994. Oncology and Narrative Time. Social Science and Medicine 38(6):855-862.
• Ella Shohat. 1992. LasersForLadies  Endo Discourse And The Inscriptions Of Science (The Realization Of Endometriosis As A Real Disease). Camera Obscura N29:57. Cultural Studies. NY: Routledge.
• Tom Csordas. 1994. Embodiment and Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Conklin, B. and L. Morgan. 1996. Babies, Bodies, and the Social Production of Personhood in North America and Native Amazonia. Ethos 24(4):657-694.
• Terry Turner. 1994. Bodies and Anti-Bodies: Flesh and Fetish in Contemporary Social Theory. In Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self, T. Csordas, ed. Cambridge University Press.

APRIL 15: Narrativity, Justice and Bodies

1. Review theories of narrativity in relation to experience, storytelling and history.
2. Discuss strategies for writing about narratives with examples from medical anthropology, including clinical settings, personal experiences with illness, and political/ environmental disasters.

Reading:
• Cheryl Mattingly. 1998. Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots. The Narrative Structure of Experience. Cambridge Un. Press.
• Good, Byron. 1994. Medicine, Rationality and Experience. ch.6.
• Ricoeur, Paul. 1981. The Narrative Function. In Ricoeur, Hermeneutics & the Human Sciences. Cambridge Un Press, 274-296.
• Iser, Wolfgang. 1978. The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response. Johns Hopkins Un Pr. Pp.107-134.
• Lyotard, Jean-Francois. 1993. The Post-Modern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Un. of Minn. Press. Pp.18-41.
• Das, Veena. 1990. Our Work to Cry: Your Work to Listen. In Veena Das, ed., Communities, Riots and Survivors in South Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
• Das, Veena. 1995. Suffering, Legitimacy and Healing: The Bhopal Case. In Das, Critical Events: An Anthropological Perspective on Contemporary India, pp. 137-174. (Delhi, Oxford University Press)
• Spicer, Paul. 1998. Narrativity and the Representation of Experience in American Indian Discourses about Drinking. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry 22:139-169.

  Suggested:

• White, Hayden. 1978. Interpretation in History. In Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Roe, Emery. 1994. Narrative Policy Analysis: Theory and Practice. Durham: Duke University Press.
• Hunt, Linda M., and Cheryl Mattingly, eds. 1998. Rationality in the Real World: Varieties of Reasoning in Illness and Healing. Special Volume of MAQ (12)3.

APRIL 22: Narratives and their Effects (Prof. Mary-Jo Good)

1. Examine the concept clinical narratives and its value in linking clinical transactions to culture and political economy.
2. Reflect on conducting ethnography of high tech medicine -- in high tech and low tech settings.
3. Discuss political/ideological contexts for production and reception of narratives and for narrative effects.

Readings:
• Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio. 1995. American Medicine: The Quest for Competence. Berkeley: Un of Calif Press. Special focus on chs. 6-9.
• Layne, Linda L. 1996. "How's the Baby Doing?" Struggling with Narratives of Progress in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. MAQ 10:624-656.
• Kaufman, Sharon R. 1997. The World War II Plutonium Experiments: Contested Stories and their Lessons for Medical Research and Informed Consent. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry 21:161-197.
• Phillida Bunkle. 1994. Calling the Shots? The International Politics of DepoProvera. In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 287302.
• Jones, James. 1994. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: "A Moral Astigmatism". In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 275286.

  Suggested:

• Monica J. Casper and Barbara A. Koenig, eds. 1996. Biomedical Technologies: Reconfiguring Nature and Culture. Special Issue of Medical Anthropology Quarterly 10: 523-690.

APRIL 29: Time, Space and Subject in Medical Anthropology

1. Discuss the representation of time, space and subjectivity in ethnographic writing in medical anthropology.
2. Discuss the need for and implications of distributed fieldsites for contemporary medical anthropology.
3. Discuss the political economy of international biomedicine with regard to medical anthropology and critical cultural studies.

Readings:
• Marcus, George E. 1995. Ethnography in/of the world system: the emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:95-117.
• Johannes Fabian. 1983. Time and Writing about the Other. Ch. 3, in Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object. Columbia Un. Pr.
• B. Claeson, E. Martin, W. Richardson, M. Schoch-Spana, and K.S. Taussig. 1996. 'Scientific Literacy', What It Is, Why It's Important, and Why Scientists Think We Don't Have It: The Case of Immunology and the Immune System. In Naked Science, Laura Nader, ed. New York: Routledge.
• Rapp, Rayna. 1995. Heredity, or: Revising the Facts of Life. In Sylvia Yanagisako and Carol Delaney, eds. Naturalizing Power: Essays in Feminist Cultural Analysis. NY: Routledge.
• Farmer, Paul. 1996. On Suffering and Structural Violence: A View from Below. In Arthur Kleinman, Veena Das, and Margaret Lock, eds. Social Suffering. Special issue of Daedelus, Winter 1996, 125 (1):261-283.
• Allucquere Roseanne Stone. 1992. Virtual Systems. In Incorporations, pp. 608625.
• Rabinow, Paul. 1992. Artificiality and Enlightenment: From Sociobiology to Biosociality. In Incorporations, pp. 190201.
• Rabinow, Paul. 1996 [1992]. Severing the Ties: Fragmentation and Dignity in Late Modernity. In Rabinow, Essays in the Anthropology of Reason. Princeton Un. Pr.
• Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson, eds. 1997. Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science. Un. of Calif. Press. Introduction.

  Recommended:

• George Marcus. 1998. Ethnography through Thick and Thin. Princeton.
• Arjun Appadurai. 1996. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Un. of Minn. Press.
• Susantha Goonatilake. 1994. Modern Science and the Periphery: The Characteristics of Dependent Knowledge. In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 259273.
• Richard Levins and Richard Lewontin. 1994. Applied Biology in the Third World: The Struggle for Revolutionary Science. In "Racial" Economy of Science, pp. 315325.
• Dorion Sagan. Metametazoa: Biology and Multiplicity. In Incorporations.
• Francisco Varela. The Reenchantment of the Concrete. In Incorporations.

MAY 6: Ethnography of Contemporary Biotech Research: The Case of Genetics and the Geneticization of Life

1. Review the history eugenics and its intimate links to the emergence of molecular biology.
2. Examine anthropological studies of genetic testing, genetic screening, and genetic counselling. Note importance of such research as interface of feminist theorizing, science studies and medical anthropology.

Readings:
• Franklin, Sarah. 1997. Embodied Progress. New York: Routledge. Selections.
• Lewontin, Richard. 1992. Biology as Ideology. New York: Harper Perenial.
• Kevles, Daniel. 1985. In the Name of Eugenics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP. Chs. 1,3,4,7,8.
• Duster, Troy. 1990. Backdoor to Eugenics. New York: Routledge. Chs 1 and 7.
• Taussig, Karen Sue. MS. Bovine Abominations: Genetic Culture and Politics in the Netherlands.
• Taussig, Karen Sue, Rayna Rapp, Deborah Heath. 1998. Soft Eugenics: Discourses of Perfectibility and Free Choice at the End of the 20th Century. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association, Philadelphia, PA, 4 December.
• Proctor, Robert N. 1995. The Destruction of 'Lives Not Worth Living.' In Deviant Bodies, J. Terry and J. Urla, eds. Pp. 170-196. Bloomington,IN: Indiana University Press.

  Suggested:

• Heath, Deborah, and Paul Rabinow. 1993. Bio-Politics: The Anthropology of the New Genetics and Immunology. Special Issue of Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 17(1).
• Hubbard, Ruth and Elijah Wald. 1993. Exploding the Gene Myth. Boston: Beacon. Chs 1 and 4.
• Gudding, Gabriel. 1996. The Phenotype/Genotype Distinction and the Disappearance of the Body. Journal of the History of Ideas 57(3):525-545.
• Strathern, Marilyn. 1992. Reproducing the Future. New York: Routledge.
• Marks, Jonathan. 1995. On Human Biodiversity. Aldine.
• Rabinow, Paul. 1996. Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Martin, Emily. 1994. Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture From the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS. Boston: Beacon Press.
• Canguilhem, Georges. 1989. The Normal and the Pathological. NY: Zone Books.

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